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Search Results (26253 CVEs found)

CVE Vendors Products Updated CVSS v3.1
CVE-2025-68259 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: SVM: Don't skip unrelated instruction if INT3/INTO is replaced When re-injecting a soft interrupt from an INT3, INT0, or (select) INTn instruction, discard the exception and retry the instruction if the code stream is changed (e.g. by a different vCPU) between when the CPU executes the instruction and when KVM decodes the instruction to get the next RIP. As effectively predicted by commit 6ef88d6e36c2 ("KVM: SVM: Re-inject INT3/INTO instead of retrying the instruction"), failure to verify that the correct INTn instruction was decoded can effectively clobber guest state due to decoding the wrong instruction and thus specifying the wrong next RIP. The bug most often manifests as "Oops: int3" panics on static branch checks in Linux guests. Enabling or disabling a static branch in Linux uses the kernel's "text poke" code patching mechanism. To modify code while other CPUs may be executing that code, Linux (temporarily) replaces the first byte of the original instruction with an int3 (opcode 0xcc), then patches in the new code stream except for the first byte, and finally replaces the int3 with the first byte of the new code stream. If a CPU hits the int3, i.e. executes the code while it's being modified, then the guest kernel must look up the RIP to determine how to handle the #BP, e.g. by emulating the new instruction. If the RIP is incorrect, then this lookup fails and the guest kernel panics. The bug reproduces almost instantly by hacking the guest kernel to repeatedly check a static branch[1] while running a drgn script[2] on the host to constantly swap out the memory containing the guest's TSS. [1]: https://gist.github.com/osandov/44d17c51c28c0ac998ea0334edf90b5a [2]: https://gist.github.com/osandov/10e45e45afa29b11e0c7209247afc00b
CVE-2025-68262 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: zstd - fix double-free in per-CPU stream cleanup The crypto/zstd module has a double-free bug that occurs when multiple tfms are allocated and freed. The issue happens because zstd_streams (per-CPU contexts) are freed in zstd_exit() during every tfm destruction, rather than being managed at the module level. When multiple tfms exist, each tfm exit attempts to free the same shared per-CPU streams, resulting in a double-free. This leads to a stack trace similar to: BUG: Bad page state in process kworker/u16:1 pfn:106fd93 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x106fd93 flags: 0x17ffffc0000000(node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1fffff) page_type: 0xffffffff() raw: 0017ffffc0000000 dead000000000100 dead000000000122 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: nonzero entire_mapcount Modules linked in: ... CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 2506 Comm: kworker/u16:1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G B Hardware name: ... Workqueue: btrfs-delalloc btrfs_work_helper Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x5d/0x80 bad_page+0x71/0xd0 free_unref_page_prepare+0x24e/0x490 free_unref_page+0x60/0x170 crypto_acomp_free_streams+0x5d/0xc0 crypto_acomp_exit_tfm+0x23/0x50 crypto_destroy_tfm+0x60/0xc0 ... Change the lifecycle management of zstd_streams to free the streams only once during module cleanup.
CVE-2025-7647 2 Linux, Run-llama 2 Linux, Llama Index 2026-04-15 N/A
The llama-index-core package, up to version 0.12.44, contains a vulnerability in the `get_cache_dir()` function where a predictable, hardcoded directory path `/tmp/llama_index` is used on Linux systems without proper security controls. This vulnerability allows attackers on multi-user systems to steal proprietary models, poison cached embeddings, or conduct symlink attacks. The issue affects all Linux deployments where multiple users share the same system. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-379, CWE-377, and CWE-367, indicating insecure temporary file creation and potential race conditions.
CVE-2025-40246 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.1 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfs: fix out of bounds memory read error in symlink repair xfs/286 produced this report on my test fleet: ================================================================== BUG: KFENCE: out-of-bounds read in memcpy_orig+0x54/0x110 Out-of-bounds read at 0xffff88843fe9e038 (184B right of kfence-#184): memcpy_orig+0x54/0x110 xrep_symlink_salvage_inline+0xb3/0xf0 [xfs] xrep_symlink_salvage+0x100/0x110 [xfs] xrep_symlink+0x2e/0x80 [xfs] xrep_attempt+0x61/0x1f0 [xfs] xfs_scrub_metadata+0x34f/0x5c0 [xfs] xfs_ioc_scrubv_metadata+0x387/0x560 [xfs] xfs_file_ioctl+0xe23/0x10e0 [xfs] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x76/0xc0 do_syscall_64+0x4e/0x1e0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 kfence-#184: 0xffff88843fe9df80-0xffff88843fe9dfea, size=107, cache=kmalloc-128 allocated by task 3470 on cpu 1 at 263329.131592s (192823.508886s ago): xfs_init_local_fork+0x79/0xe0 [xfs] xfs_iformat_local+0xa4/0x170 [xfs] xfs_iformat_data_fork+0x148/0x180 [xfs] xfs_inode_from_disk+0x2cd/0x480 [xfs] xfs_iget+0x450/0xd60 [xfs] xfs_bulkstat_one_int+0x6b/0x510 [xfs] xfs_bulkstat_iwalk+0x1e/0x30 [xfs] xfs_iwalk_ag_recs+0xdf/0x150 [xfs] xfs_iwalk_run_callbacks+0xb9/0x190 [xfs] xfs_iwalk_ag+0x1dc/0x2f0 [xfs] xfs_iwalk_args.constprop.0+0x6a/0x120 [xfs] xfs_iwalk+0xa4/0xd0 [xfs] xfs_bulkstat+0xfa/0x170 [xfs] xfs_ioc_fsbulkstat.isra.0+0x13a/0x230 [xfs] xfs_file_ioctl+0xbf2/0x10e0 [xfs] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x76/0xc0 do_syscall_64+0x4e/0x1e0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 1300113 Comm: xfs_scrub Not tainted 6.18.0-rc4-djwx #rc4 PREEMPT(lazy) 3d744dd94e92690f00a04398d2bd8631dcef1954 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.0-4.module+el8.8.0+21164+ed375313 04/01/2014 ================================================================== On further analysis, I realized that the second parameter to min() is not correct. xfs_ifork::if_bytes is the size of the xfs_ifork::if_data buffer. if_bytes can be smaller than the data fork size because: (a) the forkoff code tries to keep the data area as large as possible (b) for symbolic links, if_bytes is the ondisk file size + 1 (c) forkoff is always a multiple of 8. Case in point: for a single-byte symlink target, forkoff will be 8 but the buffer will only be 2 bytes long. In other words, the logic here is wrong and we walk off the end of the incore buffer. Fix that.
CVE-2025-9055 3 Axis, Axis Communications Ab, Linux 3 Axis Os, Axis Os, Linux 2026-04-15 6.4 Medium
The VAPIX Edge storage API that allowed a privilege escalation, enabling a VAPIX administrator-privileged user to gain Linux Root privileges. This flaw can only be exploited after authenticating with an administrator-privileged service account.
CVE-2025-68253 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: don't spin in add_stack_record when gfp flags don't allow syzbot was able to find the following path: add_stack_record_to_list mm/page_owner.c:182 [inline] inc_stack_record_count mm/page_owner.c:214 [inline] __set_page_owner+0x2c3/0x4a0 mm/page_owner.c:333 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x21e4/0x22c0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858 alloc_pages_nolock_noprof+0x94/0x120 mm/page_alloc.c:7554 Don't spin in add_stack_record_to_list() when it is called from *_nolock() context.
CVE-2025-68252 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: misc: fastrpc: Fix dma_buf object leak in fastrpc_map_lookup In fastrpc_map_lookup, dma_buf_get is called to obtain a reference to the dma_buf for comparison purposes. However, this reference is never released when the function returns, leading to a dma_buf memory leak. Fix this by adding dma_buf_put before returning from the function, ensuring that the temporarily acquired reference is properly released regardless of whether a matching map is found. Rule: add
CVE-2025-68249 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: most: usb: hdm_probe: Fix calling put_device() before device initialization The early error path in hdm_probe() can jump to err_free_mdev before &mdev->dev has been initialized with device_initialize(). Calling put_device(&mdev->dev) there triggers a device core WARN and ends up invoking kref_put(&kobj->kref, kobject_release) on an uninitialized kobject. In this path the private struct was only kmalloc'ed and the intended release is effectively kfree(mdev) anyway, so free it directly instead of calling put_device() on an uninitialized device. This removes the WARNING and fixes the pre-initialization error path.
CVE-2025-68248 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vmw_balloon: indicate success when effectively deflating during migration When migrating a balloon page, we first deflate the old page to then inflate the new page. However, if inflating the new page succeeded, we effectively deflated the old page, reducing the balloon size. In that case, the migration actually worked: similar to migrating+ immediately deflating the new page. The old page will be freed back to the buddy. Right now, the core will leave the page be marked as isolated (as we returned an error). When later trying to putback that page, we will run into the WARN_ON_ONCE() in balloon_page_putback(). That handling was changed in commit 3544c4faccb8 ("mm/balloon_compaction: stop using __ClearPageMovable()"); before that change, we would have tolerated that way of handling it. To fix it, let's just return 0 in that case, making the core effectively just clear the "isolated" flag + freeing it back to the buddy as if the migration succeeded. Note that the new page will also get freed when the core puts the last reference. Note that this also makes it all be more consistent: we will no longer unisolate the page in the balloon driver while keeping it marked as being isolated in migration core. This was found by code inspection.
CVE-2025-68247 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: posix-timers: Plug potential memory leak in do_timer_create() When posix timer creation is set to allocate a given timer ID and the access to the user space value faults, the function terminates without freeing the already allocated posix timer structure. Move the allocation after the user space access to cure that. [ tglx: Massaged change log ]
CVE-2025-68245 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: netpoll: fix incorrect refcount handling causing incorrect cleanup commit efa95b01da18 ("netpoll: fix use after free") incorrectly ignored the refcount and prematurely set dev->npinfo to NULL during netpoll cleanup, leading to improper behavior and memory leaks. Scenario causing lack of proper cleanup: 1) A netpoll is associated with a NIC (e.g., eth0) and netdev->npinfo is allocated, and refcnt = 1 - Keep in mind that npinfo is shared among all netpoll instances. In this case, there is just one. 2) Another netpoll is also associated with the same NIC and npinfo->refcnt += 1. - Now dev->npinfo->refcnt = 2; - There is just one npinfo associated to the netdev. 3) When the first netpolls goes to clean up: - The first cleanup succeeds and clears np->dev->npinfo, ignoring refcnt. - It basically calls `RCU_INIT_POINTER(np->dev->npinfo, NULL);` - Set dev->npinfo = NULL, without proper cleanup - No ->ndo_netpoll_cleanup() is either called 4) Now the second target tries to clean up - The second cleanup fails because np->dev->npinfo is already NULL. * In this case, ops->ndo_netpoll_cleanup() was never called, and the skb pool is not cleaned as well (for the second netpoll instance) - This leaks npinfo and skbpool skbs, which is clearly reported by kmemleak. Revert commit efa95b01da18 ("netpoll: fix use after free") and adds clarifying comments emphasizing that npinfo cleanup should only happen once the refcount reaches zero, ensuring stable and correct netpoll behavior.
CVE-2025-40138 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to avoid NULL pointer dereference in f2fs_check_quota_consistency() syzbot reported a f2fs bug as below: Oops: gen[ 107.736417][ T5848] Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000000: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000007] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 5848 Comm: syz-executor263 Tainted: G W 6.17.0-rc1-syzkaller-00014-g0e39a731820a #0 PREEMPT_{RT,(full)} RIP: 0010:strcmp+0x3c/0xc0 lib/string.c:284 Call Trace: <TASK> f2fs_check_quota_consistency fs/f2fs/super.c:1188 [inline] f2fs_check_opt_consistency+0x1378/0x2c10 fs/f2fs/super.c:1436 __f2fs_remount fs/f2fs/super.c:2653 [inline] f2fs_reconfigure+0x482/0x1770 fs/f2fs/super.c:5297 reconfigure_super+0x224/0x890 fs/super.c:1077 do_remount fs/namespace.c:3314 [inline] path_mount+0xd18/0xfe0 fs/namespace.c:4112 do_mount fs/namespace.c:4133 [inline] __do_sys_mount fs/namespace.c:4344 [inline] __se_sys_mount+0x317/0x410 fs/namespace.c:4321 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f The direct reason is f2fs_check_quota_consistency() may suffer null-ptr-deref issue in strcmp(). The bug can be reproduced w/ below scripts: mkfs.f2fs -f /dev/vdb mount -t f2fs -o usrquota /dev/vdb /mnt/f2fs quotacheck -uc /mnt/f2fs/ umount /mnt/f2fs mount -t f2fs -o usrjquota=aquota.user,jqfmt=vfsold /dev/vdb /mnt/f2fs mount -t f2fs -o remount,usrjquota=,jqfmt=vfsold /dev/vdb /mnt/f2fs umount /mnt/f2fs So, before old_qname and new_qname comparison, we need to check whether they are all valid pointers, fix it.
CVE-2025-68244 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/i915: Avoid lock inversion when pinning to GGTT on CHV/BXT+VTD On completion of i915_vma_pin_ww(), a synchronous variant of dma_fence_work_commit() is called. When pinning a VMA to GGTT address space on a Cherry View family processor, or on a Broxton generation SoC with VTD enabled, i.e., when stop_machine() is then called from intel_ggtt_bind_vma(), that can potentially lead to lock inversion among reservation_ww and cpu_hotplug locks. [86.861179] ====================================================== [86.861193] WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected [86.861209] 6.15.0-rc5-CI_DRM_16515-gca0305cadc2d+ #1 Tainted: G U [86.861226] ------------------------------------------------------ [86.861238] i915_module_loa/1432 is trying to acquire lock: [86.861252] ffffffff83489090 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}, at: stop_machine+0x1c/0x50 [86.861290] but task is already holding lock: [86.861303] ffffc90002e0b4c8 (reservation_ww_class_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: i915_vma_pin.constprop.0+0x39/0x1d0 [i915] [86.862233] which lock already depends on the new lock. [86.862251] the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is: [86.862265] -> #5 (reservation_ww_class_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}: [86.862292] dma_resv_lockdep+0x19a/0x390 [86.862315] do_one_initcall+0x60/0x3f0 [86.862334] kernel_init_freeable+0x3cd/0x680 [86.862353] kernel_init+0x1b/0x200 [86.862369] ret_from_fork+0x47/0x70 [86.862383] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 [86.862399] -> #4 (reservation_ww_class_acquire){+.+.}-{0:0}: [86.862425] dma_resv_lockdep+0x178/0x390 [86.862440] do_one_initcall+0x60/0x3f0 [86.862454] kernel_init_freeable+0x3cd/0x680 [86.862470] kernel_init+0x1b/0x200 [86.862482] ret_from_fork+0x47/0x70 [86.862495] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 [86.862509] -> #3 (&mm->mmap_lock){++++}-{3:3}: [86.862531] down_read_killable+0x46/0x1e0 [86.862546] lock_mm_and_find_vma+0xa2/0x280 [86.862561] do_user_addr_fault+0x266/0x8e0 [86.862578] exc_page_fault+0x8a/0x2f0 [86.862593] asm_exc_page_fault+0x27/0x30 [86.862607] filldir64+0xeb/0x180 [86.862620] kernfs_fop_readdir+0x118/0x480 [86.862635] iterate_dir+0xcf/0x2b0 [86.862648] __x64_sys_getdents64+0x84/0x140 [86.862661] x64_sys_call+0x1058/0x2660 [86.862675] do_syscall_64+0x91/0xe90 [86.862689] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [86.862703] -> #2 (&root->kernfs_rwsem){++++}-{3:3}: [86.862725] down_write+0x3e/0xf0 [86.862738] kernfs_add_one+0x30/0x3c0 [86.862751] kernfs_create_dir_ns+0x53/0xb0 [86.862765] internal_create_group+0x134/0x4c0 [86.862779] sysfs_create_group+0x13/0x20 [86.862792] topology_add_dev+0x1d/0x30 [86.862806] cpuhp_invoke_callback+0x4b5/0x850 [86.862822] cpuhp_issue_call+0xbf/0x1f0 [86.862836] __cpuhp_setup_state_cpuslocked+0x111/0x320 [86.862852] __cpuhp_setup_state+0xb0/0x220 [86.862866] topology_sysfs_init+0x30/0x50 [86.862879] do_one_initcall+0x60/0x3f0 [86.862893] kernel_init_freeable+0x3cd/0x680 [86.862908] kernel_init+0x1b/0x200 [86.862921] ret_from_fork+0x47/0x70 [86.862934] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 [86.862947] -> #1 (cpuhp_state_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}: [86.862969] __mutex_lock+0xaa/0xed0 [86.862982] mutex_lock_nested+0x1b/0x30 [86.862995] __cpuhp_setup_state_cpuslocked+0x67/0x320 [86.863012] __cpuhp_setup_state+0xb0/0x220 [86.863026] page_alloc_init_cpuhp+0x2d/0x60 [86.863041] mm_core_init+0x22/0x2d0 [86.863054] start_kernel+0x576/0xbd0 [86.863068] x86_64_start_reservations+0x18/0x30 [86.863084] x86_64_start_kernel+0xbf/0x110 [86.863098] common_startup_64+0x13e/0x141 [86.863114] -> #0 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}: [86.863135] __lock_acquire+0x16 ---truncated---
CVE-2025-68243 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFS: Check the TLS certificate fields in nfs_match_client() If the TLS security policy is of type RPC_XPRTSEC_TLS_X509, then the cert_serial and privkey_serial fields need to match as well since they define the client's identity, as presented to the server.
CVE-2025-68242 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFS: Fix LTP test failures when timestamps are delegated The utimes01 and utime06 tests fail when delegated timestamps are enabled, specifically in subtests that modify the atime and mtime fields using the 'nobody' user ID. The problem can be reproduced as follow: # echo "/media *(rw,no_root_squash,sync)" >> /etc/exports # export -ra # mount -o rw,nfsvers=4.2 127.0.0.1:/media /tmpdir # cd /opt/ltp # ./runltp -d /tmpdir -s utimes01 # ./runltp -d /tmpdir -s utime06 This issue occurs because nfs_setattr does not verify the inode's UID against the caller's fsuid when delegated timestamps are permitted for the inode. This patch adds the UID check and if it does not match then the request is sent to the server for permission checking.
CVE-2025-68240 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: avoid having an active sc_timer before freeing sci Because kthread_stop did not stop sc_task properly and returned -EINTR, the sc_timer was not properly closed, ultimately causing the problem [1] reported by syzbot when freeing sci due to the sc_timer not being closed. Because the thread sc_task main function nilfs_segctor_thread() returns 0 when it succeeds, when the return value of kthread_stop() is not 0 in nilfs_segctor_destroy(), we believe that it has not properly closed sc_timer. We use timer_shutdown_sync() to sync wait for sc_timer to shutdown, and set the value of sc_task to NULL under the protection of lock sc_state_lock, so as to avoid the issue caused by sc_timer not being properly shutdowned. [1] ODEBUG: free active (active state 0) object: 00000000dacb411a object type: timer_list hint: nilfs_construction_timeout Call trace: nilfs_segctor_destroy fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2811 [inline] nilfs_detach_log_writer+0x668/0x8cc fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2877 nilfs_put_super+0x4c/0x12c fs/nilfs2/super.c:509
CVE-2025-68238 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mtd: rawnand: cadence: fix DMA device NULL pointer dereference The DMA device pointer `dma_dev` was being dereferenced before ensuring that `cdns_ctrl->dmac` is properly initialized. Move the assignment of `dma_dev` after successfully acquiring the DMA channel to ensure the pointer is valid before use.
CVE-2025-68237 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mtdchar: fix integer overflow in read/write ioctls The "req.start" and "req.len" variables are u64 values that come from the user at the start of the function. We mask away the high 32 bits of "req.len" so that's capped at U32_MAX but the "req.start" variable can go up to U64_MAX which means that the addition can still integer overflow. Use check_add_overflow() to fix this bug.
CVE-2025-40193 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xtensa: simdisk: add input size check in proc_write_simdisk A malicious user could pass an arbitrarily bad value to memdup_user_nul(), potentially causing kernel crash. This follows the same pattern as commit ee76746387f6 ("netdevsim: prevent bad user input in nsim_dev_health_break_write()")
CVE-2025-40223 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: most: usb: Fix use-after-free in hdm_disconnect hdm_disconnect() calls most_deregister_interface(), which eventually unregisters the MOST interface device with device_unregister(iface->dev). If that drops the last reference, the device core may call release_mdev() immediately while hdm_disconnect() is still executing. The old code also freed several mdev-owned allocations in hdm_disconnect() and then performed additional put_device() calls. Depending on refcount order, this could lead to use-after-free or double-free when release_mdev() ran (or when unregister paths also performed puts). Fix by moving the frees of mdev-owned allocations into release_mdev(), so they happen exactly once when the device is truly released, and by dropping the extra put_device() calls in hdm_disconnect() that are redundant after device_unregister() and most_deregister_interface(). This addresses the KASAN slab-use-after-free reported by syzbot in hdm_disconnect(). See report and stack traces in the bug link below.